![]() ![]() 12) 28 Since Saγang Secen’s standard is topped by a trident, (Mostaert 1957: 548-50 n. 3 for instance, the trident with horse-tail is clearly seen on top of the deity’s helmet.32 This attributed will be repeated in some modern portraits. ![]() dGra lha),30 who are connected with the sülde (soul) of Chinggis Khan.31 In fig. A trident is visible on top of the topknot or helmet of several warrior deities in the Mongolian world, such as the Nine Dayicing Tngri (Tib. But the trident is also an obvious reference to the top of Chinggis Khan’s white standard. rtse gsum) symbolizes the Three Jewels (the Buddha, the Dharma and the Sangha), but was later interpreted by Mongols as the symbol of fire (erdeni γal, γurvan üjügürtei γal).29 Modern artists depicting Chinggis with this symbol above his head obviously refer to fire, not to the Three Jewels. Inīuddhist iconography, the trident (sesum, < Tib. ![]() The trident on top of Chinggis Khan’s helmet has several possible meanings. dGra lha), thangka, painting on silk, Mongolia, nineteenth century, 51×34 cm. Detail of the main deity, Nine Dayicing Tngri (Tib. Tridents mounted at the tip of Mongol banners Naadam Festival Photo: Ludo. ![]()
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